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Siege of Kamarja
The Siege of Kamarja was fought in 729 between the Turgesh khaganate and its Soghdian allies and the Arab Muslims of the Umayyad Caliphate. The small fortress of Kamarja was one of the last remaining Arab strongholds in Transoxiana, and was attacked by the Turgesh under the personal direction of their ruler, the ''khagan''. Its stubborn defence, which lasted for 58 days, ended with the negotiated withdrawal of its garrison to Samarkand, and became famous in Arabic literature, but failed to save the Arab position in the region.
== Background ==
The region of Transoxiana (Arabic: ''Ma wara' al-nahr'') had been conquered by the Umayyad leader Qutayba ibn Muslim in the reign of al-Walid I (r. 705–715), following the Muslim conquests of Persia and Khurasan in the mid-7th century. The loyalty to the Caliphate of Transoxiana's native Iranian and Turkic populations and of the autonomous local rulers remained questionable, and in 719 the latter requested aid from the Chinese and their Turgesh vassals. In response, from 720 on the Turgesh launched a series of attacks against the Muslims in Transoxiana, coupled with uprisings against the Caliphate among the local Soghdians. The Umayyad governors initially managed to suppress the unrest, although control over the Ferghana Valley was lost. In 724, governor Muslim ibn Sa'id al-Kilabi and his army suffered a heavy defeat (the so-called "Day of Thirst") at the hands of the Turgesh when he tried to recapture Ferghana. This defeat pushed the Arabs on the defensive, and even though no pitched battles took place, over the next few years the Arab position in Transoxiana collapsed swiftly: by 728, in the face of the Turgesh attacks and a widespread anti-Arab revolt, only Samarkand and the two fortresses of Kamarja and Dabusiyya on the Zarafshan River remained in Arab hands in all of Transoxiana.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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